Ventricular enlargement noted in brain studies of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease is most likely attributable to
a. narrowing of the subarachnoid space.
b. overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid.
c. blockage of cerebrospinal fluid outflow.
d. brain atrophy associated with cellular degeneration.
D
In Alzheimer's disease, when brain cells degenerate, the brain atrophies and the ventricles enlarge to fill the existing space. Planning should consider the fact that the patient has fewer functioning brain cells, thus explaining cognitive symptoms and problems such as incontinence and difficulty in swallowing.
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Which of these signs would indicate to the nurse that a client's nasogastric (NG) tube has become blocked?
a. The client begins to gag. c. The client becomes irritable. b. The client becomes restless. d. The client begins to vomit.
Hormones involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels include growth hormone, epinephrine, glucagons, and:
1. insulin and parathyroid hormone. 2. insulin and glucocorticoids. 3. glucocorticoids and thyroxine. 4. estrogen and progesterone.
Which statement made by the client concerning the risk of oral cancer indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "I will brush my teeth and floss regularly." B. "I will begin a smoking cessation program." C. "I will limit my intake of alcoholic beverages." D. "I can still use chewing tobacco since I stopped smoking."
In comparing the abdominal and transvaginal methods of ultrasound examination, nurses should explain to their clients that:
a. Both require the woman to have a full bladder. b. The abdominal examination is more useful in the first trimester. c. Initially the transvaginal examination can be painful. d. The transvaginal examination allows pelvic anatomy to be evaluated in greater detail.