What roles do peers play during the period of adolescence?
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer would include the following key points:
- Peers become increasingly important during adolescence and adolescents spend a great deal of time with each other.
- Peer relationships are most important during the adolescent period.
- Peers provide each other with the opportunity to compare and evaluate opinions, abilities, and physical changes.
- This process is called social comparison.
- Adolescents turn toward each other to share experiences and for validation.
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"I am a boy. Therefore I want to do the things boys do." This statement is reflective of which theoretical perspective regarding gender-role development?
a. Biosocial theory b. Cognitive-developmental theory c. Psychoanalytic theory d. Social-learning theory
A therapist exhibits unconditional positive regard in interactions with a client when he or she:
a. expresses his or her true feelings in an open and honest way b. is totally accepting and respectful of the client at all times c. understands and accepts what the client is feeling d. challenges irrational beliefs directly through open confrontation
Three experimental conditions are to be compared in a within-subjects experiment. Each condition requires 15 minutes, and a total of one hour is available for testing each subject. Which of the following procedures can be used to control for order and sequence effects?
a. counterbalancing b. reverse counterbalancing c. block randomization d. none of these
Elizabeth was given a $1000 raise after her last performance evaluation. Her raise is a:
a. primary reinforcer. b. punisher. c. negative reinforcer. d. secondary reinforcer.