To investigate whether the enrollment of nontraditional students has increased at her college, Diane examines the ages noted on student applications for the past ten years. This is an example of which type of unobtrusive observation?
a. simple observations
b. archival records
c. physical traces
d. contrived observations
b
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Which of the following definitions best describes out-group negativism?
a. The belief that members of other groups hold prejudiced attitudes toward members of one's own group b. The perception that members of out-groups are more alike than members of in-groups c. A predisposition to attribute more positive characteristics to members of in-groups than to members of out- groups d. A sense of threat evoked in members of stereotyped out-groups e. A predisposition to attribute more negative characteristics to members of out-groups than to those of in- groups
The first woman to receive a PhD degree in psychology, and the author of the book The Animal Mind, was:
A) Rosalie Rayner. B) Anna Freud. C) Margaret Floy Washburn. D) Mary Whiton Calkins.
If a measure is accurate, it is said to be:
a. consistent. b. valid. c. precise. d. reliable.
According to social-learning theory, when people use tactics of self-exoneration, they are likely to
A. justify aggression by appealing to higher values. B. blame the victim for what happened. C. dehumanize the victims. D. all of the above