Being abused or neglected as a child __________ the odds of being arrested, both as a juvenile and as an adult
a. decreases
b. increases
c. initially increases then decreases
d. does not impact
Answer: b. increases
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Elizabeth Farnham, head matron of the women's wing at Sing Sing from 1844–1848, tried to implement reform ideas for female prisoners and:
a. was able to achieve limited success. b. was met with resistance from the community. c. was largely ignored by the community. d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators.
Holding offenders accountable to the victim refers to:
a. retributive justice b. distributive justice c. restorative justice d. universal justice
Which of the following criminal legal system terms is meant to shield youths from the stigma of juvenile delinquency and to signify their need for special treatment?
a. status offense b. subaltern offense c. delinquent offense d. youth-category offense
Most ______ killers were born to unmarried parents and/or adopted, institutionalized, or reared by mothers married 3 or more times.
A. mass B. random C. spree D. serial