A nurse is caring for a client with a severe head trauma. Each shift, the nurse pays attention to the lighting, atmosphere, and surroundings the client is exposed to. The nurse is functioning according to the assumptions of which nursing theorist?
1. Dorothea Orem
2. Martha Rogers
3. Florence Nightingale
4. Jean Watson
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Dorothea Orem's theory focused on self-care and doesn't apply here.
Rationale 2: Rogers's theory is the science of unitary human beings and doesn't apply here.
Rationale 3: Florence Nightingale defined nursing more than 100 years ago as "the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery." Attending to the client's surroundings, including the lighting and atmosphere, is being attentive to the client's environment. Deficiencies in environmental factors (especially air, water, drainage, cleanliness, and light) have produced lack of health or illness.
Rationale 4: Jean Watson defined nursing in relationship to caring and doesn't apply here.
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