Below are several phenomena relating to protein structure. Clearly describe each phenomenon, the conditions under which each occurs, and the probable influence each has on protein structure
(a) hydrophobic interactions
(b) hydrogen bonds
(c) disulfide bridges
(a) Hydrophobic interactions: These are nonpolar side chains of amino acids that tend to associate to form hydrophobic clusters usually away from the protein surface.
(b) Hydrogen bonds: Such bonds may occur between the components of the peptide bond, the side chains, or a combination of the two. They are responsible for helical and pleated sheet structures of proteins.
(c) Disulfide bridges: Such bonds are formed between two cysteine side chains and, because of their covalent nature, represent relatively strong attractive forces between different (sometimes distant) regions of proteins.
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A toxic substance has been found to inhibit glucose transport into mammalian cells. If this substance is administered
to a hamster, the likely cause of death would be a lack of ____ production.
a. NAD+ b. ATP c. GTP d. CO2 e. FAD
Most coastal pollution comes from
a. oil spills from ships. b. dumping of trash. c. military disposal. d. runoff from urban and agricultural lands. e. nuclear power plants.
The insertion of a skeletal muscle is
a. attached to the less mobile portion of the skeleton. b. attached to the portion of the skeleton that moves when the muscle contracts. c. never attached to the skeleton. d. its belly.
Which of the following occurs during the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?
A) Chlorophyll acts as an enzyme, but only in the dark. B) Carbon dioxide is converted to chemicals that can be used to make sugars. C) Nothing occurs because the plant rests in the dark. D) Water is converted to its most basic elements, hydrogen and water.