Prove the following statement using an element argument and reasoning directly from the definitions of union, intersection, set difference.

For all sets A, B, and C, (A ? B) ? C ? A ? (B ? C).


Proof that (A [ B) \ C  (A [ (B \ C):
Suppose that x is any element in (A ? B) ? C. [We must show that x ? A ? (B ? C).]
By definition of intersection, x ? (A ? B) and x ? C.
And, by definition of union, x ? A or x ? B, and in both cases, x ? C.
Case 1 (x 2 A and x 2 C): Then, by definition of intersection, x ? B ? C, and so by definition of union, x ? A ? (B ? C).
Case 2 (x 2 B and x =2
B): Then, by definition of set difference, x ? B ? C, and so by
definition of union, x ? A ? (B ? C).
In both cases, x ? A ? (B ? C) [as was to be shown].
So every element in (A ? B) ? C is in A ? (B ? C), and hence (A ? B) ? C ? A ? (B ? C) by
definition of subset.

Mathematics

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A.

B.

C.

D.


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