Bethany, age 3, spends, a large amount of time engaged in make-believe play
Her parents are especially concerned because Bethany has a pair of imaginary mice that she talks to and talks about. Bethany's grandmother believes that this is a sign of maladjustment. What can you tell Bethany's parents and grandmother that might ease their minds?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Imaginary companions were once viewed as a sign of maladjustment, but research challenges that assumption. Between 25 and 45 percent of preschoolers and young school-age children spend much time in solitary make-believe, creating imaginary companions. Children with imaginary companions typically treat them with care and affection and say the companions offer caring, comfort, and good company, just as their real friendships do. Such children also display more complex and imaginative pretend play, are advanced in understanding others' viewpoints and emotions, and are more sociable with peers.
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Our new police chief has determined that the strong police subculture and code of silence are detrimental to the department. According to the text, all of the following methods would help the new chief weaken the existing subculture except:
A. working with the police union to address officer issues. B. emphasizing formal ethics training in the police academy. C. increasing diversity in the force through new hires. D. using less severe punishments for officer misconduct.
________ involves using praise of important others as a way to encourage them to like us and approve of us
A) Ingratiation B) In-group effect C) Self-promotion D) Self-monitoring E) Out-group removal
Which pair of disorders would be considered anxiety-related disorders?
a. bipolar and depressive disorders b. dissociative and somatic symptom disorders c. paraphilic and personality disorders d. schizophrenia and delusional disorders
What surprising finding did Edward Tolman discover after day 11 of the rat maze experiment, when the third group of rats received a reinforcer after having not received any reinforcers on the previous 10 days?
a. The rats in group three showed a drastic increase in their ability to navigate the maze, with speeds equivalent to the second group of rats that were never rewarded. b. The rats in group three continued to meander to the end of the maze, never reaching the performance levels of rats in groups one (always rewarded) or two (never rewarded). c. The rats in group three showed a significant increase in their ability to navigate the maze, with speeds equivalent to the first group of rats that were always rewarded. d. By the end of the 11th day of the experiment, the rats in group three began to show signs of disinterest and a lack of motivation to complete the maze.