The figure below shows a normal cell transduction pathway. If the receptor weren't there, which of the following is the most likely outcome?


A) Cell division will occur normally.
B) Cell division will not occur at all.
C) Cell division will be increased.
D) Cell division will be decreased.


Answer: C

Biology & Microbiology

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a. downward; outward b. outward; downward c. outward; outward d. downward; downward e. outward; upward

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because an spermatogonia has 23 pairs of chromosomes, after the 2 divisions of meiosis the chromosome number is reduced to 11.5 in each sperm and therefore it takes 2 sperm to fertilize 1 egg

a. true b. false

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Parasitoidism is a form of mutualism

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Biology & Microbiology

A researcher proposes that the relationship between a particular bacterial species that produces a fat-soluble vitamin is mutualistic with its insect host. Which of the following procedures would best test the researcher's hypothesis?

A. Design a method to isolate the bacteria from the insect, then mutate the bacteria in the region of DNA that controls vitamin production and compare growth of the mutant and wild-type bacteria on minimal media. B. Determine which insecticide kills the insect without harming the bacterial host, then compare vitamin production by the bacteria from insects treated with the insecticide to those from untreated insects. C. Extract the DNA from the bacteria and from the insect, then use reverse-transcriptase PCR and primers specific to the gene that controls vitamin synthesis to compare transcription of RNA in both organisms. D. Determine which antibiotic kills the bacteria without harming the host, then administer this antibiotic to the insect and compare its growth with and without the vitamin.

Biology & Microbiology