Which of the following is the most significant risk factor for esophageal cancer?
A) Delayed gastric emptying time
B) Ingestion of 2 or more carbonated drinks daily
C) Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
D) Persistent hiccups
Ans: C
Feedback: Chronic irritation of the esophagus is a major risk factor for esophageal cancer. GERD may progress to Barrett's esophagus, which may later progress to adenocarcinoma. Delayed gastric emptying time is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Persistent hiccups are associated with advanced gastric cancer and are caused by pressure placed on the phrenic nerve by a tumor. Ingestion of carbonated beverages is not associated with esophageal cancer; however, they do precipitate reflux.
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