Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
a. decreased ATP production.
b. karyorrhexis.
c. ribosome detachment.
d. dehydration.
ANS: A
A reduction in ATP levels causes the plasma membrane's sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump and sodium-calcium exchange to fail. Sodium and water can then enter the cell freely. Karyorrhexis means fragmentation of the nucleus into smaller particles or "nuclear dust." Ribosome detach-ment reduces protein synthesis. Dehydration leads to loss of sodium and water.
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