A child has been admitted to the hospital unit with a diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The clinical manifestations will include which signs and/or symptoms?
1. Hematuria, bacteriuria, weight gain
2. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, fever
3. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema
4. Hypertension, weight loss, proteinuria
3
Rationale: Bacteriuria and fever are associated with a urinary tract infection.
1. While hematuria can be present, it is not pronounced. Bacteriuria is associated with a urinary tract infection. Because of the edema, a weight gain, not a weight loss, would be seen.
2. Gross hematuria is associated with glomerulonephritis. Fever is associated with a urinary tract infection. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by hypoalbuminemia, among other things.
3. Nephrotic syndrome is an alteration in kidney function secondary to increased glomerular basement membrane permeability to plasma protein. It is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
4. While hypertension can be present, it is not pronounced. Because of the edema, a weight gain, not a weight loss, would be seen. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by Hypoalbuminemia, among other things.
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Why should pregnant patients who have hypothyroidism continue to take thyroid replacement drugs throughout pregnancy?
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