Briefly describe vicarious reinforcement
What will be an ideal response?
If you observe a person do something that is followed by a reward, you become more likely to engage in the same behavior, even though you did not receive the reward yourself. Likewise, if you see another person punished for a particular behavior, you become less likely to engage in the behavior yourself. This is presumably due to expectations that one will receive the same contingencies (reward or punishment).
You might also like to view...
Cognitive and behavioral efforts to reduce the distress produced by a stressful situation are called ____ coping
a. problem-focused b. emotion-focused c. proactive d. reactive
There is new research that involves replacing damaged neurons with:
A. transplanted fetal tissue or embryonic stem cells B. tiny computers that can process information very quickly C. computerized sodium pumps D. transplanted tubes from monkeys
The text notes that Professor Jennifer Mather tested 44 octopuses systematically for their responses to stimuli such as being touched with a brush. What did she find?
a. ?Some responded “cheerfully,” others with “anger,” some went to sleep, and the last group appeared to have a nervous breakdown. b. ?Most were identified as being agreeable and conscientious. c. ?The octopuses seemed to have unique and stable responses, similar to having a “personality.” d. ?The octopuses were categorizable along the continua of all five traits of the Big Five.
The diagnostic manual of the American Psychiatric Association distinguishes among different clinical categories by listing
a. several unique features for each category. b. a large number of overlapping features for each category. c. several examples for each category. d. a large number of examples for each category.