Explained why tempered martensite is very strong and tough.
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When martensite is tempered, some of the carbon atoms that were trapped interstitially (small holes in the crystalline lattice) between the iron atoms are allowed to defuse out. The precipitation of the trapped carbon atoms allows the body-centered tetragonal crystal to re-form into the body-centered cube crystal shape. This relieves the internal strain. The microstructures of tempered and untempered martensite look very much alike. In this condition, the tempered martensite is very strong and tough.
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