Schachter (1959) examined the preferences of participants who were expecting to receive a series of painful electric shocks. He found that these participants preferred to wait in a room
a. by themselves.
b. with participants who were not expecting shocks.
c. with participants who were also expecting shocks.
d. with participants who had already received shocks.
c
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The Head Start program not only enhances the cognitive development and academic skills of children but also provides
a. healthcare to children and social services to their families. b. intensive behavioral therapy for the children. c. financial assistance for later college expenses. d. in-home academic instruction for children.
Name the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response in these two situations:
1. Five-year-old Emily is watching a storm from her window. A huge bolt of lightning is followed by a tremendous thunderclap, and Emily jumps at the noise. This happens several more times. There is a brief lull and then another lightning bolt. Emily jumps in response to the bolt. 2. Gregory's mouth waters whenever he eats anything with lemon in it. One day, while reading an ad that shows a big glass of lemonade, Gregory finds that his mouth has started to water. What will be an ideal response?
Whereas _______ psychology treats culture as external to the person and independent, ________ psychology considers individuals to be embedded within and inseparable from cultural practices.
a. cultural, cross-cultural b. evolutionary, cross-cultural c. cross-cultural, cultural d. evolutionary, cultural
Stephen LaBerge and his colleagues at the Stanford University Sleep Research Center were able to show that lucid dreams are real and that lucid dreamers were able to do all of the following EXCEPT
a. utilize prearranged signals when they became aware they were dreaming. b. be able to look up abruptly in a dream, causing a distinct upward eye movement. c. verbally mumble "awake." d. clench their right and left fists in a prearranged pattern.