Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Criminal justice researchers, unlike physical scientists, find their subject matter a topic of popular discussion in which the layperson’s experience is viewed as just as good a guide to policy as that of the researcher.
2. A theory is a model or schema that provides a perspective from which to view reality.
3. A paradigm is a plausible explanation of reality (why and how do things occur).
4. Edwin Sutherland’s concept of “white-collar crime” serves as an example of a paradigm revolution in criminology, a radical reorientation in theoretical views of the nature of criminality.
5. Methodology involves the collection of hypotheses and/or data regarding the nature of crime and criminal justice.
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False
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James Olis, a former director of Dynegy, turned down a plea bargain. Because of the new sentencing guidelines for white-collar criminals, the end result of his criminal case was that:
A. he received a much longer sentence. B. the guidelines had no effect. C. he received a much lighter sentence. D. the validity of the guidelines was questioned.
Extracurricular activities such as band or sports often prevent juveniles from engaging in delinquency. Which of the following bonds best exemplifies extracurricular activities?
a. Attachment b. Involvement c. Belief d. Commitment
__________ are attempts to avoid the effects of a prior court decision by bringing a different action in new court proceedings.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The chain of custody requires that from the moment the evidence is collected, every transfer of evidence from one person to another be documented. What else does the chain of custody require?
A) That the evidence contains some value, purpose, and relevance to the case B) That the evidence has come from the defendant or in some way is connected to the defendant C) That the transfer always be witnessed by a disinterested third party or a judge D) That it be provable that nobody else could have accessed that evidence