What changes in the energy budget over the last 150 years are natural and which are caused by human activities? Be sure to include whether each change would cause cooling or warming of the atmosphere near Earth's surface
What will be an ideal response?
Incoming solar energy varied with the 11-year sunspot cycle but has also shown an overall slight increase since 1850, which is a natural contribution to long-term warming.
Greenhouse-gas concentrations have increased dramatically since 1850 and especially since 1960. Most of this increase relates to human consumption of fossil fuels. Increasing concentration of greenhouse gases causes warming.
An increase in albedo due to more clouds and pollution haze in the atmosphere causes the reflection of more incoming heat energy back into space. Changing land-use as natural vegetation is replaced with agriculture and urban areas also increases albedo. These changes have both natural and human-caused components and cause cooling.
Volcanic eruptions release sulfurous aerosols into the atmosphere that strongly absorb incoming solar radiation and are natural causes of cooling. Although the effect is dramatic on periods of years, it is not long lasting, so there has been no overall trend in the last 150 years.
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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