Which of the following sections of the nephron DOES NOT either passively or actively transport water from the filtrate to the body?
A. proximal convoluted tubule
B. descending limb of the loop of Henle
C. ascending limb of the loop of Henle
D. distal convoluted tubule
E. collecting duct
Answer: C. ascending limb of the loop of Henle
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How and where is ATP made in a eukaryotic cell?
A. ATP is only made in the mitochondria in response to chemiosmosis. B. ATP is made in all compartments of the cell in response to endergonic reactions and is used to drive exergonic reactions in the cell. C. ATP can be made by direct phosphorylation of ADP in the cytoplasm, and by an enzyme complex that uses the energy from a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. It can also be made in other locations in the cell, depending on the cell type. D. ATP can be made by an enzyme complex that uses the energy of protons moving down their concentration gradient from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytoplasm to make the ATP.
A scientist uses recombinant technology to take a eukaryotic promoter and place it in front of a bacterial structural gene. What is the most likely outcome on bacterial gene expression?
A. Bacterial gene expression will increase because both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes are based on the same four nucleotides. B. Bacterial gene expression will not occur because RNA polymerase enzymes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are incompatible. C. Bacterial gene expression will increase because eukaryotic RNA polymerase has analogous function to prokaryotic RNA polymerase. D. Bacterial gene expression will decrease because prokaryotic RNA polymerase can read the same sequences as eukaryotic RNA polymerase.
In eukaryotic cells, ________ occurs in the nucleus, resulting in the production of mRNA, which then travels to the ribosome for ________ into an amino acid chain
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Irradiated mammalian cells usually stop dividing and arrest at a G1 checkpoint. Place the following events in the order in which they occur
A. production of p21 B. DNA damage C. inhibition of cyclin–Cdk complexes D. accumulation and activation of p53