Proximate cause may be found in such cases as where an officer:
A) fails to arrest an individual after determining he is driving while under the influence of alcohol
B) receives a call for service regarding a violent crime in progress but fails to arrive until after a citizen has been injured
C) gives evidence in court that ultimately results in a conviction
D) Proximate cause is present in all of the above.
A
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Civil unrest is of little concern for the French police because of the reductions in racial tensions in the country
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
A problem, according to Goldstein, consists of three components. Which of the following is not one?
a. a cluster of similar, related, or recurring incidents rather than a single incident b. a substantive community concern c. a unit of police business d. a complex and unsolved criminal case
The first step in working to reduce noise in the communications process is to
a. be aware of emotional bias b. acknowledge physical noise c. evaluate the filtering system d. block communications
According to the text, which of the following is NOT among the problems that exist with relying on a deterrence-based strategy to control delinquency?
a. Minors tend to be less capable of making mature judgments or rational decisions. b. The most serious delinquents may neither fully comprehend the seriousness of their acts nor appreciate their consequences. c. Juveniles often commit crimes individually; thus peer pressure has no impact on deterrence of the law. d. Many juvenile offenders are under the influence of drugs or alcohol, which might impair their decision-making ability.