Which of the following are complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? (select all that apply)
a. Esophagitis
b. Barrett esophagus (BE)
c. Cough
d. Recurrent otitis media (OM)
e. Bloody vomitus
ANS: A, B, C, D
Esophageal complications of GER can be significant, such as esophagitis; hemorrhage; stricture; Barrett esophagus (BE) (see Chapter 36); and, rarely, adenocarcinoma. Extraesophageal symp-toms include cough and wheezing, laryngitis, pharyngitis, dental erosions, sinusitis, recurrent oti-tis media, and Sandifer's syndrome (a neurologic disorder). Bloody vomitus is not a complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
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