In a fetus, blood from the right atrium can flow freely to the left atrium through the ________, thus bypassing the pulmonary circuit.
A) foramen ovale
B) ductus arteriosus
C) fossa ovalis
D) ductus venosus
E) ligamentum arteriosum
A) foramen ovale
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Each of the following factors promotes the function of the capillaries except
a. a blood pressure forcing fluid out of these vessels. b. a small total surface area. c. an osmotic pressure drawing fluid into these vessels. d. pores in the endothelial wall. e. thin walls.
The long absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle cells
A. causes the pacemaker potential. B. makes the heart prone to arrhythmias. C. prevents tetanus. D. prevents the occurrence of ectopic focuses. E. ensures a short twitch.
Cardiac muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle fibers in that the cardiocytes are uniquely interconnected by (the) ________.
A) sarcoplasmic reticulum B) Z discs C) gap junctions D) intercalated discs E) T tubules
What organ system is responsible for gas exchange, sense of smell, and creating pressure gradients necessary to circulate blood and lymph?
A. Cardiovascular system B. Respiratory system C. Nervous system D. Lymphatic system