Suppose you are a criminal mastermind who has handpicked a pair of people to rob a bank for you. Your bank-robbing team gets arrested. The police separate them and offer each one leniency in exchange for defection. They both defect, which surprises you because they both seemed to be "cooperators." However, a researcher studying cooperation would likely explain that
A. cooperation rarely occurs when the relevant group members are not present to make group norms and obligations more salient.
B. in low stakes situations, "free riders" can make themselves cooperate, but their true tendencies are revealed in high pressure situations.
C. when group members were raised in very different cultures, they are more likely to defect to gain favorable outcomes for themselves.
D. our understanding of group dynamics based on the prisoner's dilemma only predicts real-world behavior within families, not for colleagues.
Answer: C
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