Compare and contrast four strategies for treatment of addiction. Be sure to include how each strategy attempts to address addiction and the strengths and limitations of each approach.
What will be an ideal response?
Agonist drugs attempt to treat drug addiction by replacing the drug with a safer medication that produces similar effects. This strategy has the benefit of meeting the drug users' cravings, but it is controversial because it still produces a high that maintains an addiction to a substance, and it requires addicts to receive regular treatment, which they may fail to do. Antagonist drugs block the effects of addicting drugs, making those drugs not pleasurable. This strategy has the benefit of not providing a continued pleasurable experience that might maintain drug use, but it has the downside that it requires patients to adhere to treatment that itself produces no positive moods. Aversive treatments are medications that make drugs of abuse unpleasant, either making them taste bad or creating unpleasant effects in the user. These have the benefit of not producing further addiction, but like antagonist drugs, they require regular treatments, and patients have to be very motivated to adhere to treatment. These treatments can also produce negative side effects. Antidrug vaccines prompt the body's immune system to create antibodies to break down the drug of abuse. These have the benefits of being longer-lasting than other treatment types, they do not produce side effects or addictions, and they make the drug less desirable. The downside is that a drug user can still achieve a high with these vaccines if they take a large enough amount of the drug, and these treatments do not reduce drug craving.
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Suppose that a friend says, "Women could really avoid being raped, if they would only stay away from dangerous places at night.". Your best response would be,
a. "You are right, because most rapes occur at night, and the rapist is usually a man who waits for a victim who doesn't look like she will put up a fight.". b. "You are partly right, because strangers are more likely than acquaintances to rape women out of doors and at night, but acquaintances are more likely to engage in sexual assault.". c. "You are wrong, because women are better able to fight back when they are attacked outside, rather than in their own home.". d. "You are wrong, because most women actually knew the man before he raped them.".
The information processing approaches emphasize the types of _____ that people use when they problem solve.
a) memory skills b) goal-directed behaviors c) schemes d) mental programs
The clouds are finally gone, and the sun is shining brightly, so you decide to "catch a few rays." Unfortunately, you spend too much time in the sun and have a severe sunburn
Which neurons send messages from your burned skin to your brain to inform you of the pain from the burn? a) motor neurons b) sensory neurons c) synaptic neurons d) association neurons
According to Carol Dweck, which of the following statements represents the LEAST effective way to praise a child:
a. "You are very, very smart child." b. "You worked very hard on that project and it turned out very well." c. "That problem was difficult and even though you didn't solve it the first time, you learned a lot." d. "You did a good job picking up your toys."