Which of the following are true about a type II error? (Select all that apply.)
a. It is more likely to occur when p <.01 rather than when p <.05.
b. It is extremely likely to occur when p <.001.
c. It occurs when the null hypothesis is true but rejected.
d. It is a possibility only when there are statistically nonsignificant results in a study.
e. It is a possibility only when there are statistically significant results in a study.
ANS: A, B, D
The probability of retaining the null hypothesis when it is in fact false is a type II error. In nursing research, beta is frequently set to 0.20, meaning that the researcher will allow for a 20% or lower chance of making a type II error, when the alpha is set at .05. If the alpha decreases (becomes more stringent) (.025, .01, and so forth), decreasing the possibility of type I error, the consequence is that the beta rises, making type II error much more likely. When a statistical test in a research study shows that a result is not statistically significant, the discerning reader will evaluate the sample size and the level of significance, in order to determine the possibility that a type II error occurred. It is not possible to decrease both types of error simultaneously without a corresponding increase in sample size.
You might also like to view...
When assessing the client postoperatively, which nursing consideration is essential before offering oral fluids?
A) Assess ability to swallow. B) Assess urinary output. C) Assess pain level. D) Assess positioning.
For a client who is diagnosed with Raynaud's disease, which of the following instructions should a nurse provide to the client to prevent an attack?
A) Report changes in the usual pattern of chest pain. B) Avoid situations that contribute to ischemic episodes. C) Avoid fatty foods and exercise. D) Take over-the-counter decongestants.
A nurse is classifying the pregnancy history of a woman who has had five pregnancies: three full-term, one preterm, and one abortion. How would the nurse document this information on the patient chart?
A) G4 P3115 B) G5 P3114 C) G5 P3115 D) G5 P1135
When preparing a patient for electromyography (EMG), the nurse will instruct the patient to:
a. cease smoking for 12 hours before the test. b. refrain from caffeine drinks for 3 hours before the test. c. take muscle relaxants before the test. d. prepare for a lengthy testing time (usually about 2 hours).