The student nurse is learning about the theories that seek to explain the etiology of personality disorders. What will the student learn is true regarding parenting and the development of personality disorders?
1. Engulfing parenting may force a child to separate before he or she is ready.
2. Indifferent parenting does not allow a child to separate and individuate.
3. Narcissism may develop due to a parental lack of empathy.
4. Pessimism may develop due to inconsistent parenting.
Answer: 3
Explanation: Narcissism, characterized by excessive interest in or preoccupation with the self, may develop due to a parental lack of empathy. Indifferent parenting may force a child to separate before he or she is ready. Engulfing parenting does not allow a child to separate and individuate. Inconsistent parenting affects the child's ability to view him or herself as an individual but is not associated with the development of pessimism.
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