In a Newton's rings apparatus, the interference effect observed between the rays occurs because of the path difference between
A)
the top and bottom surfaces of the top piece of glass.
B)
the top and bottom surfaces of the bottom piece of glass.
C)
the top and bottom surfaces of the air between the pieces of glass.
D)
the top and bottom surfaces of the oil between the pieces of glass.
E)
the top surfaces between the top and bottom pieces of glass.
C
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Approximately how many pennies would you have to stack to reach an average 8-foot ceiling?
A) 2 × 103 B) 2 × 102 C) 2 × 104 D) 2 × 105 E) 2 x 106
The closest star to the Sun is named
a. Polaris. b. Sirius. c. Betelgeuse. d. Proxima Centauri.
The weight of spaceman Speff at the surface of planet X, solely due to its gravitational pull, is 389 N
If he moves to a distance of 1.86 × 104 km above the planet's surface, his weight changes to 24.31 N. What is the mass of planet X, if Speff's mass is 75.0 kg? (G = 6.67 × 10-11 N ? m2/kg2 ) A) 2.99 × 1024 kg B) 2.99 × 1018 kg C) 2.99 × 1017 kg D) 1.59 × 1018 kg
Surface hardening of metallic machine components, such as ball and roller bearings, is carried out in a heat treatment process where the surface temperature is increased to a desirable level without altering the internal temperature substantially. In one such operation, steel ball (spherical) bearings with a diameter of 25 mm, initially at 25°C, are immersed in a very high temperature (1000°C) molten electrolyte-solution bath and quickly removed when the temperature at a depth of 1 mm from the outer surface of the steel ball attains 725°C. If the convective heat transfer coefficient between the steel ball and the bath liquid is assumed to be 4.95 kW/(m2 K), determine the time required for attaining the surface hardening condition.
GIVEN
Steel ball bearing diameter (d)= 25 mm=0.025 m
Initial temperature (To) = 25°C
Temperature of electrolyte solution (T?) = 1000°C
The heat transfer coefficient (hc) = 4.95 kW/(m2 K) = 4950 W/(m2 K)
Radius of the surface where temperature of 7250C is attained= 11.5 mm
FIND
Time required for attaining temperature of 7250C at depth of 1 mm from outer surface.
ASSUMPTIONS
constant bath temperature, thermal properties and heat transfer coefficient
SKETCH
