A nurse is caring for a client who displays addiction behavior toward the use of alcohol
The client states to the nurse, "I have been in jail twice for driving under the influence." When planning care for this client, which behavioral therapy is most appropriate?
A) Positive reinforcement
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Positive punishment
D) Negative punishment
Answer: C
Consequences that lead to a decrease in undesirable behavior are referred to as punishment. Positive punishment is the addition of a negative consequence if the undesirable behavior occurs; for example, the addict who drives under the influence is jailed or fined. Negative punishment is the removal of a positive reward if the undesirable behavior occurs; for example, the addict who does not show up for work loses his job. Consequences that lead to an increase in a particular behavior are referred to as reinforcement. Positive reinforcement provides a reward for the desired behavior, such as the pleasant sensation, or high, that comes from the use of a substance. Negative reinforcement removes a negative stimulus to increase the chances that the desired behavior will occur. An example of negative reinforcement is when the family of an addict refuses to support the behavior that results from use of the substance.
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