Which of the following would represent a failure to adhere to ethical standards in a qualitative study?
a. Conducting the study after first obtaining permission from the IRB
b. Continuing to question a subject about a traumatic incident after the subject begins to openly sob and asks to be excused
c. Mentioning that subjects had the right to refuse to participate in the study
d. Not including all the specific details of a study in the informed consent document
ANS: B
There is a duty to protect from harm—continuing to question could cause psychological harm to the subject.
Permission from the IRB is necessary with any study using human subjects.
As long as the subject is told that refusal is permitted, ethical standards are not violated.
Sometimes researchers cannot include every detail of the study in a qualitative study, but this does not violate ethical principles if the subjects are later debriefed.
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