What criticisms have been leveled against the DSM-IV?
a. There are no criticisms. Medical practitioners, psychologists, social workers, and counselors agree that it is comprehensive and accurate.
b. It makes too many allowances for cultural differences, thus making diagnosis difficult.
c. Its terminology for symptoms is ambiguous. As a result, people often misuse the words.
d. Some clinicians believe that it encourages pigeonholing people into categories and treating them in terms of their diagnoses rather than as individuals.
e. The criteria for diagnoses are abstract and vague. As a result the same client might receive differing diagnoses from differing practitioners.
Answer: d
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