Externalities can be positive or negative. An example of a positive externality is the third-party benefits from solar energy production such as reduced emissions, cleaner air, and the "warm glow" some people experience from engaging in sustainable activities. An example of a negative externality is the emissions produced from driving gasoline powered motor vehicles such. These emissions have been shown to adversely effect the environment, agriculture, and human productivity, morbidity, and mortality. Which of the following policies would NOT incentivize consumers or producers to internalize external costs of the activities they engage in?
a. Driving subsidies to automobile drivers.
b. Production subsidies to manufacturers of solar energy equipment such as photovoltaic cells and batteries.
c. Driving taxes to automobile drivers.
d. Consumption subsidies to buyers of solar energy equipment such as photovoltaic cells and batteries.
e. None of the above.
Ans: a. Driving subsidies to automobile drivers.
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Average variable cost is equal to
A) average total cost minus average fixed cost. B) average total cost multiplied by output. C) total cost divided by output. D) the change in total cost divided by the change in output.
Which of the following statements is a defining feature of a corporation?
a. The owners of a corporation face unlimited liability on debts. b. A corporation owns and operates units only in foreign countries. c. A corporation is created by a verbal agreement. d. A corporation that is based on a verbal agreement is also recognized by State law. e. A corporation has a legal identity that is separate from that of its owners.
Although there are barriers to entry in a monopolized industry, there are usually many close substitutes for the monopolist's product
a. True b. False
Most of the women with children on welfare are
A. "Welfare Queens". B. either working, looking for work, or being trained for work. C. having one baby after another. D. enjoying a fairly high standard of living.