In the Bakke reverse-discrimination case, the Supreme Court held that all affirmative action programs were unconstitutional
a. True
b. False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
False
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Some postmodernist critics challenge the idea that there can be a single, unifying concept of management and organizations
a. True b. False
The U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 would be classified most accurately as a(n) ______________ intervention, according to the terminology of Michael Walzer, although the American government classified it as _____________
a. unjust and overtly aggressive, and preemptive b. preventive and preemptive c. illegal and just, in that it was used to force regime change as sought by Iraqi citizens d. borderline unjust and clearly preemptive against threats from Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein
The ability to make sizable and strategically placed campaign contributions helps interest groups ______.
a. purchase a foothold with members of the minority party in Congress, who will favor those interest groups when they rise to the majority party b. purchase the votes of all representatives or senators who are on the fence about a particular issue c. flex their political muscles to their competing interest groups d. buy access to representatives, senators, the White House, and their staffs e. take advantage of the tax benefits enjoyed through political rather than corporate spending
A manipulation check is
A) necessary at the naturalistic level of research. B) not needed at the experimental level. C) often too difficult to carry out. D) appropriate only at the experimental level.