The nurse accompanies the physician into the patient's room and remains after the patient is told he has cancer and it is likely to be terminal
The patient's respirations become rapid and deep, pupils dilate, and measurement of vital signs indicates the patient's heart rate and blood pressure are elevated. What type of response is the nurse assessing? A) Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response
B) Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) response
C) Muscarinic receptor stimulation response
D) Nicotinic receptor stimulation response
A
Feedback:
When stimulated, the SNS prepares the body to flee or to turn and fight. Cardiovascular activity increases, as do blood pressure, heart rate, and blood flow to the skeletal muscles. Respiratory efficiency also increases; bronchi dilate to allow more air to enter with each breath, and the respiratory rate increases. Pupils dilate to permit more light to enter the eye to improve vision in darkened areas. PNS would lower heart rate and blood pressure and would constrict pupils. Stimulation of muscarinic receptors cause pupil constriction, increased gastrointestinal (GI) motility and secretions (including saliva), increased urinary bladder contraction, and a slowing of the heart rate. Stimulation of nicotinic receptors causes muscle contractions, autonomic responses such as signs and symptoms of a stress reaction, and release of norepinephrine and epinephrine from the adrenal medulla.
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