According to Leong (1996), all of the following are called for during all counseling experience EXCEPT?

a. Maximal flexibility
b. Spontaneity
c. Constraint
d. Authenticity


c. Constraint

Counseling

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Alfred Adler thought that people were primarily motivated by

a. the desire to create personal identity. b. movement toward self-actualization. c. physiological drives. d. social interest.

Counseling

From a behavioral perspective, EMDR would most likely be criticized on the basis of:

a. a poorly specified theoretical rationale. b. having reversed the order of treatment validation and widespread clinician training. c. having conducted only uncontrolled outcome studies. d. having failed to demonstrate any empirical support for this treatment approach.

Counseling

A gatekeeper is one who protects high-authority members from low-authority members

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

Counseling

The "strength-in-numbers" phenomenon is described as:

a. The mutual aid process in which group members are encouraged touse the strength of the group to confront other group members b. A group process in which group members are guided toward individual goals c. The mutual aid process in which group members are strengthened to take on difficult tasks through the support of other groupmembers d. A group process in which group members are directed to stick together to remain resilient

Counseling