Describe prosocial behavior.
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary. Prosocial behavior, also known as altruism, is intended to benefit another without expectation of reward. Prosocial behavior includes sharing, cooperating, and helping and comforting others in distress. It is shown by the preschool and early school years and is linked to the development of empathy and perspective taking (Grusec & Sherman, 2011).Empathy is sensitivity to the feelings of others and is connected with sharing and cooperation. Infants frequently begin to cry when they hear other children crying, although this early agitated response may be largely reflexive (Roberts et al., 2014). Empathy promotes prosocial behavior and decreases aggressive behavior, and these links are evident by the second year (Hastings et al., 2000).According to Piaget, preoperational children tend to be egocentric. They tend not to be able to see things from the vantage points of others. It turns out that various cognitive abilities, such as being able to take another person's perspective, are related to knowing when someone is in need or distress. Perspective-taking skills improve with age, and so do prosocial skills. Among children of the same age, those with better developed perspective-taking ability also show more prosocial behavior and less aggressive behavior (Hastings et al., 2000).
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Jackson has a lot to do this weekend, but as he is getting started, an old friend contacted him. They get together for what turns out to be a two-hour breakfast. When talk turns to seeing an early movie, Jackson figured he might as well since he had already blown most of the morning. Jackson is experiencing the ____ effect
a. counterfactual b. self-serving c. counterregulation d. actor/observer
Behavioral theorists commonly use aversion therapy to change unwanted sexuality-related behaviors
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The "panic begins" for many middle-aged Americans regarding the thought of death. Which is the correct reason for this?
a. Realization that the remaining years of life are fewer than those already lived b. Realization that after one's parents are dead, the "buffer zone" is gone c. If one's job depends on physical vigor, the realization that physical strength is beginning to wane d. All of the above e. Only a and b
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. People who live in large cities are more likely to have GAD than are people who live in rural areas. 2. An obsession is a ritualistic behaviour designed to reduce anxiety. 3. Attempting to suppress an obsession may actually strengthen it. 4. In obsessive-compulsive disorder, the obsessive thoughts typically produce anxiety and the compulsive behaviours are performed to reduce it. 5. A person who lives through a terrifying and uncontrollable experience may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a disorder characterized by chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma, and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind.