A client tells the nurse that he has noticed a decrease in hearing. Which of the following would be risk factors for the client to have a change in hearing? (Select all that apply.)
1. Smoking
2. Neck trauma
3. Cardiovascular disease
4. Aging
5. Diabetes
6. Chronic infection
1, 3, 4, 6
Risk factors for hearing loss include noise exposure, smoking, ototoxic drugs, congenital or hereditary factors, cardiovascular disease, aging, tumors, trauma, chronic infections, systemic disease, tympanic membrane perforation, Mèniére's disease, and barotrauma. Neck trauma and diabetes are not risk factors for a hearing loss.
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