A 65-year-old female with a smoking history of 2 packs/day for 30 years has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive lung disease. She is obviously using her accessory respiratory muscles for breathing, which is caused by:
A. decreased work of breathing due to airflow obstruction
B. increased work of breathing due to a dysfunction in the neuromuscular junction
C. increased work of breathing due to airflow obstruction requiring active expiratory muscle contraction
D. abnormal breathing pattern
E. increased work of breathing due to airflow obstruction requiring active inspiratory muscle contraction
ANS: C
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