How can freeze-fracture be used to determine the orientation of a protein in a membrane?  

A.  Freeze-fracture allows a cell to be cleaved in between the lipid bilayer, splitting the plasma membrane into two layers.
B.  Freeze-fracture allows a cell to be cleaved in such a way as to preserve the embedded proteins.
C.  Freeze-fracture cuts the membrane in protein-sized components for viewing under an electron microscope.


A.  Freeze-fracture allows a cell to be cleaved in between the lipid bilayer, splitting the plasma membrane into two layers.

Biology & Microbiology

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According to research done by Baron, Caughey, and Prado, how do prions move within the brain?

a. They use receptors on the surfaces of nerve cells. b. They use vesicles found inside the nerve cells. c. They use tunneling nanotubes. d. They pinch off the nerve cell membrane. e. They stick to the outer surfaces of nerve cells.

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The following are all differences between manatees and dugongs except:

a. fresh and seawater habitat for manatees, dugongs only live in seawater. b. dugongs have a larger head. c. dugongs have a shorter flipper. d. manatees' forelimbs form flippers, dugongs' do not.

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The central nervous system is housed in the

a. cranial and spinal cavities. b. cranial cavity only. c. thoracic cavity. d. pelvic cavity. e. abdominal cavity.

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Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is

referred to as: a. deciduous. b. dioecious. c. monoecious. d. homosporous. e. heterosporous

Biology & Microbiology