One important factor in punishment that stems from learning theory is ________. This enables the child to make the connection between the behavior and the punishment
a. rewards
b. shaping
c. making sure that the punishment is administered as temporally close to the transgression as possible
d. making sure that the punishment fits the transgressive behavior in the most conceptually consistent manner
C
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Sociocultural theory
a. illuminates the interplay between genetics and development. b. addresses the impact of diverse systems on children. c. explores the importance of the unconscious on child development. d. ?does not address any of these.
Preschoolers who engage in violent pretend play:
A. demonstrate higher levels of calmness than other children. B. are less likely to demonstrate antisocial behavior in later childhood. C. are more likely to help other children. D. demonstrate lower levels of empathy than other children.
In order to demonstrate the poor outcomes of children who received corporal punishment when growing up, several researchers combined the results of many studies that have investigated the impact of corporal punishment on child development in a large-scale __________.
A. meta-analysis B. therapeutic alliance C. statistical analysis D. effectiveness study
Which of the following is an example of proactive aggression?
a. a driver runs over an unseen child b. a physician administers a painful injection to a struggling child c. a child yells angrily at his teacher d. a schoolyard bully pushes someone down in order to take his candy e. a dentist drills a tooth to prepare for a gold crown