Which of the following statements is true regarding stage 3 cancers?
A. The tumor has spread to distant organs.
B. Stage 3 cancers are defined solely based on the size of the tumor.
C. The tumor is smaller than 2 cm and has not been detected in any lymph nodes.
D. The cancer has become invasive and affects more of the surrounding tissue, causing swelling, inflammation, or ulcers.
Answer: D
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In which of the following are non-complementary nucleotides recognized, excised, and replaced with correct nucleotides?
a. mismatch repair b. semiconservative replication c. Okazaki fragmentation d. nucleotide excision repair
A computer program recognizes an ORF by looking for ribosomal binding sites, start codons, and stop codons with an appropriate number of nucleotides between each element. What is a drawback of this approach?
A) Too many ORFS are identified, most of which are stretches on non-coding junk DNA. B) Codon bias causes incorrect annotations. C) Unusual, but legitimate genes and non-coding RNA may be missed. D) We lack the computing power to complete the analyses in a timely manner, thus many genomes are only partially annotated.
Any substance that produces an inappropriate response of the immune system is referred to as a(an)
A) allergen. B) antibody. C) plasma cell. D) allergy. E) perforin.
In an EKG, what does the QRS wave indicate?
A) electrical signal over the atria B) first heart sound C) electrical signal over the ventricles D) second heart sound