When assessing a preterm newborn, the nurse observes that the newborn has difficulty breathing. On further examination, it is found that the newborn's nostrils are closed at the entrance to the throat
Which of the following conditions does this suggest? A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Respiratory distress syndrome
C) Choanal atresia
D) Patent ductus arteriosus
C
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Choanal atresia occurs when the newborn's nostrils are closed at the entrance to the throat, so that air cannot pass through to the lungs. As newborns are obligatory nose breathers, atresia must be quickly corrected through surgery to open the nostrils. Pyloric stenosis is a congenital anomaly in which an increase in the size of the musculature at the junction of the stomach and small intestine occurs, causing the pyloric opening to constrict. Respiratory distress syndrome is a very serious respiratory disorder occurring especially in the preterm newborn. Respiratory distress syndrome is caused by a deficiency of a substance called pulmonary surfactant, resulting in incomplete lung expansion—the newborn's lungs cannot expand normally. Patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital heart disorder caused by the failure of the ductus arteriosus to close at birth.
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