Describe and differentiate the three methods to control extraneous variables
What will be an ideal response?
Extraneous variables can be controlled by holding them constant, or by matching them across treatment conditions, or by randomizing them across treatment conditions. If a variable is held constant, then it is the same for all treatment conditions and cannot be responsible for differences between treatments. Similarly, if a variable is matched across treatments, then it is the same for all treatment conditions and cannot be responsible for differences between treatments. Finally, if a variable is randomized across treatments, then it should not change systematically from one treatment to another, and it should not be responsible for differences between treatments.
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Consider the experiment on prejudice in which participants listened to a radio recording of a basketball game, then were told that some athletes were "Black" and some were "White." The results showed that the exact same person might be perceived or treated differently due to participants' pre-existing beliefs. If these results apply to the realm of job applications, we would expect that when employers review resumes to select who to invite for interviews, they will tend to
A. call in people described as "Black" for interviews. B. be unbiased when selecting candidates but biased during the interview. C. call in people described as "White" for interviews. D. be biased when selecting candidates but unbiased during the interview.
Brenda is HIV positive, and she is not being treated for any disease. She has just delivered her first child. If she chooses to breastfeed, which of the following will be TRUE?
A. Her baby's chances of contracting HIV will decrease. B. Her baby's chances of contracting HIV will increase. C. Her baby's chances of contracting HIV will be unchanged. D. Her baby will be protected from contracting HIV.
Which of the following statements is true of perceptual narrowing?
A. It is a concept where infants are more likely to distinguish between faces to which they have been exposed than faces that they have never seen before. B. It refers to decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus. C. It is a concept that involves the recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation. D. It refers to the ability to relate and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing.
Interposition is the pictorial depth cue more commonly known as
a. relative motion. b. overlap. c. linear perspective. d. motion parallax.