By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, salivation to the bell was the ______
a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus
b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response
D
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Which brain abnormality is common among people with schizophrenia, compared to average?
a. Smaller neurons and fewer synapses in the prefrontal cortex b. Slower conduction of action potentials in the amygdala and hippocampus c. Lower concentrations of the neurotransmitter dopamine in several brain areas d. Smaller ventricles in the two cerebral hemispheres
Stewart is a musician and often takes meth before his performances to help give him an "edge." Recently he has found that when he hasn't had a performance for several days and thus has not taken meth, he begins to feel fatigued and dragged out. He becomes high, agitated, and can't concentrate on his music. Stewart is demonstrating ____
a. an addiction c. psychological dependence b. symptoms of withdrawal d. tolerance
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):
A. is used to discover individuals with "magnetic" personalities. B. is extremely useful for eliciting eyeblink responses when individuals are startled. C. is used to identify the areas of the brain that "light up" when performing certain tasks. D. can be used to assess an individual's activity level.
Researchers now acknowledge that cognitive, social, and emotional change in older adulthood is influenced at multiple levels including both _____________ changes in brain volume and ___________ and functional changes of brain areas.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).