Which methodological feature was the hallmark of early ecological studies based in the Chicago School of Sociology (e.g., Park & Burgess, 1925; Shaw & McKay, 1942)?

a. ethnography
b. multivariate statistics
c. mapping
d. focus groups


c. mapping

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NEO Personality Inventory Revised instrument assesses Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and which of the following characteristics?

a. Callousness b. Aggressiveness c. Assertiveness d. Conscientiousness

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A critique of social disorganization theory is that some of the studies tend to use group rates to explain individual crime. Aggregate statistics do not yield accurate estimates if the intended unit of analysis is the behavior of individuals. Consequently, researchers have committed a/an:

a. global fallacy b. Sampson and Laub c. Shaw and McKay d. ecological fallacy

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Which of the following is a characteristic of a crime but not a tort?

a. Payment of damages b. Private wrong c. Prosecuted by the state in its own name d. Instituted by wronged individual

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Realigning patrol beat boundaries is an example of using mapping for which type of crime analysis:

a. Tactical crime analysis b. Strategic crime analysis c. Administrative crime analysis d. Operations analysis

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