Chronic inflammation of the pancreas, or pancreatitis, impairs the digestive functions of this organ. What would be the effect on digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins if acinar cells are impaired? What if duct cells are impaired? Which hormones may be used to treat pancreatitis?
What will be an ideal response?
Acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes for all three classes of molecule, therefore nutrient digestion and consequent absorption would be decreased. Duct cells secrete bicarbonate, which counteracts the acidic nature of the chime entering from the stomach and allows the pancreatic enzymes to function. The loss of these cells would also decrease digestion and absorption of the three classes of nutrient. Cholecystokinin stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and secretin stimulates bicarbonate secretion.
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Amylase is an enzyme that promotes the breakdown of starches during digestion. Which of the following describes the method by which amylase functions?
A. It catalyzes starch breakdown without being changed or depleted. B. It changes its composition in order to break starch down itself. C. It functions as a hormone that signals for starch breakdown to begin. D. It inhibits chemical reactions by being changed or depleted by the starch.
An increase in surface area of a membrane, or contact with another cell, can be achieved by generating __________, thin, rodlike extensions produced by polymerizing actin fibers
Fill in the blank with the correct word.
What is an enzyme?
A) An enzyme is a protein that increases the activation energy so more energy can be generated. B) An enzyme is a protein that lowers the activation energy of a reaction. C) An enzyme provides the activation energy of a reaction. D) An enzyme is an inorganic compound. E) An enzyme is a polymer produced by linking monomers together.
In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) contains
A. less lipid. B. less protein. C. more cholesterol. D. more carbohydrate. E. more amino acids.