What are the focal points of the four schools of thought within ethnography? (Select all that apply.)
a. To relieve oppression and empower a group to take action on its own behalf
b. To investigate cultural structures, focusing on groups and their social patterns
c. To construct theories that explain cultural interactions
d. To understand values and thinking that collectively result in behaviors and symbols of the individuals within a culture
e. To provide a comprehensive holistic description of a culture
ANS: A, B, D, E
Four schools of thought within ethnography have emerged from different philosophical perspectives and these include classical, systematic, interpretive, and critical ethnography. Classical ethnography seeks to provide a comprehensive holistic description of a culture. In contrast, systematic ethnography explores and describes the structures of the culture with an increased focus on groups, patterns of social interaction, organizations, and institutions. Interpretive ethnography has as its goal understanding the values and thinking that result in the behaviors and symbols of the people being studied. Critical ethnography has a political purpose of relieving oppression and empowering a group of people to take action on their own behalf. It is not ethnography's focus to construct theories.
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