Five-year-old Samantha is watching a storm from her window. A huge bolt of lightning is followed by a tremendous thunderclap. Startled, Samantha jumps at the noise. This happens several times
As the storm moves farther away, Samantha jumps at the sight of a lightning bolt but doesn't hear the thunder until after she jumps! In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is the _______________ and the conditioned stimulus is the _______________.
A) thunder; lightning
B) jumping; lightning
C) lightning; thunder
D) thunder; jumping
Answer: A
Rationale: The unconditioned stimulus is the stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without learning (in this case, the thunder), and the conditioned stimulus is the once neutral stimulus that now elicits a conditioned response because it has a history of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus (the lightning).
You might also like to view...
A true zero point is characteristic of
a. all scales of measurement. b. an interval scale. c. a ratio scale. d. none of the above
So-called critical experiments
a. test two theories that make different predictions. b. test a theory that makes two different predictions. c. involve an inductive approach. d. involve a number of independent and dependent variables.
Overeating tends to be encouraged by all of the following EXCEPT
a. larger food portions. b. taking less time to eat. c. sweetness or high fat content. d. a lack of variety in one's foods.
Research findings from Atchley (1989) report that "positive retirement" has four conditions, including
A. the retiree having children to help support him or her B. work not being the most important part of the individual's life C. good financial situation D. work not being the most important part of the individual's life AND good financial situation