In Chapter Two, the challenges of test construction were explained, including issues pertinent to the concepts of validity and reliability
Define each of these concepts and then analyze projective and objective tests in view of the challenges of test construction.
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: A good answer will include the following key points.
? Reliability refers to the consistency of a test over time, from one administration to another, and from one scorer to another.
? Validity refers to the ability of a test to measure what it is supposed to measure.
? One way to demonstrate reliability is to give the same test to a person on two separate occasions or to have the same test scored by two different people. Projective tests fail both of these measures of reliability.
? Scores of projective test are significantly affected by sleepiness, hunger, medication, worry, verbal ability, instructions given, and other factors. Thus, the scores do not necessarily represent personality variables and are not valid.
? Many well-known objective tests are both valid and reliable.
? Some tests like the MMPI even include special validity scales to determine when someone is lying, defensive, or evasive in answering questions.
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Regarding external frustration, which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. External frustration is based on an individual's outward personal characteristics. b. External frustration always involves nonsocial obstacles to one's goal attainment. c. External frustration is based on conditions outside a person that affect progress toward a goal. d. External frustration is less intense when a person encounters an obstacle very close to the goal.
Which of the following choices would most likely be part of a test of creativity?
a. Determine the square root of 113. b. List as many meanings as you can for "right.". c. On the map of Africa before you, locate the country that is the source of the Nile River. d. Design an experiment to test the relationship between problem solving and intelligence.
In the natural world, there often are many different factors associated with the occurrence of a particular outcome. Therefore, it is important that we as critical thinkers _____ whenever possible
A) create unfalsifiable theories B) propose complex statements of causation C) remember that correlation equals causation D) rule out rival hypotheses
The activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy is known as
A. interpretation. B. sensation. C. integration. D. perception.