Discuss tracking and the effects of teacher and student expectations on school achievement
What will be an ideal response?
Feedback: Tracking (or ability grouping) sorts students into different groups or classes according to their perceived intellectual ability. The decision is based on grades and teachers' judgments but primarily through standardized tests. The result is that children from low-income families and from ethnic minorities are overrepresented in the slow track, whereas children from advantaged backgrounds are disproportionately in the middle and upper tracks. The purpose is to enhance learning by allowing children of similar abilities to work at the same pace. While there are benefits, there are also drawbacks to tracking. There are four principal reasons this system stunts the success of students who are negatively labeled: stigma, self-fulfilling prophesies, beliefs about future payoffs to education, and the creation of negative student subcultures.
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Agrarian societies are by far the most highly stratified of all preindustrial societies
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
When a parent's first reaction is to say "no" to a child, they are creating:
a. dominance. b. rationality. c. confrontation. d. reinforcement.
Sociologists are especially interested in criminal deviance, behavior that violates laws, because it:
A) ?is easy to measure. B) threatens people's lives or property.? C) ?is ignored by other theorists. D) ?has consistent statistics, unlike noncriminal deviances. E) ?always follows a synchronous pattern.
The authors state that women’s achievements are presented ambivalently. Explain the meaning of this assertion and provide an example.
What will be an ideal response?