Describe the social-learning approach to morality
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer would include the following key points:
- According to the social-learning theory approach to morality, children learn moral behavior indirectly by observing the behavior of others, called models.
- Children imitate models who receive reinforcement for their behavior, and ultimately learn to perform the behavior themselves.
- Social-learning theory focuses on how the environment in which preschoolers operate, produces prosocial behavior, helping behavior that benefits others.
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A study by Hankoff (1987) using Adler's personality analysis methods showed that the early memories of adult criminals dealt with:
a. disturbing or aggressive interactions. b. envy of rich people. c. feelings of social deprivation. d. striving for material goods.
Joey wants to pull Becky's pigtails to get her attention, but a little angel on his shoulder tells him that pulling people's hair is wrong. The angel is similar to Freud's conceptualization of the:
A) Oedipus complex. B) ego. C) id. D) superego.
Peripheral cues for hunger come from ____, whereas central cues come from ____
a. learning; experience c. digestive organs; the brain b. body image; actual weight d. the hypothalamus; hormones
In her story in Chapter 11, Virginia Ramirez became involved in citizen participation initially because of ____ , and later led efforts to ____
a. her background in a family of political leaders; obtain city funding for her neighborhood b. the death of her neighbor; create better jobs and promote job training c. her leadership experience at work; unionize workers at her workplace d. her background in a family of political leaders; create better jobs for her community