Which type of medication may be used in the treatment of a patient with incontinence to inhibit contraction of the bladder?
a) Anticholinergic agent
b) Over-the-counter decongestant
c) Tricyclic antidepressants
d) Estrogen hormone
Answer: a) Anticholinergic agent
Anticholinergic agents are considered first-line medications for urge incontinence. Estrogen decreases obstruction to urine flow by restoring the mucosal, vascular, and muscular integrity of the urethra. Tricyclic antidepressants decrease bladder contractions as well as increase bladder neck resistance. Stress incontinence may be treated using pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine, ingredients found in over-the-counter decongestants.
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